The personal pronouns את AT, אך AK and אן AN

[Isaac Fried]

The Pua'l בניין verbal construction has a universal הוּא, contracted to a mere U, placed between the first and second radical, plus end qualifiers, to designate the beneficiary(s) of the act. For example, שלח, 'send':
שֻׁלַּחְתִּי=שׁ-הוּא-לח-אתי, 'I', m., f.
שֻׁלַּחְתָּ=שׁ-הוּא-לח-אתה, 'you' m.
שֻׁלַּחְתְּ=שׁ-הוּא-לח-את, 'you' f.
שֻׁלַּח=שׁ-הוּא-לח, 'he'
שֻׁלְּחָה=שׁ-הוּא-לח-היא, 'she'
שֻׁלַּחְנוּ=שׁ-הוּא-לח-אנוּ, 'we' f., m.
שֻׁלַּחְתֶּם=שׁ-הוּא-לח-אתם, 'you' m., p.
שֻׁלַּחְתֶּן=שׁ-הוּא-לח-אתן, 'you' f., p.
שֻׁלַּחְוּ=שׁ-הוּא-לח-הוּא, 'they' m., f.

The Pua'l משקל, the noun construction, has a הוּא, contracted to a mere U or O, placed between the first and second radical, to designate the object described by the root. For example,
אוּלָם, גֻּמָּץ, כּוּמָז, סוּגַר, סֻכָּה, עוּגָב
גּוֹזָל, כּוֹבַע, מוֹרַג, שׁוֹפָר
זוֹנָה, חוֹמָה, קוֹרָה

Isaac Fried, Boston University

[Isaac Fried]

Hebrew places the personal pronoun (PP) הוּא, 'he', shortened to a mere U so as not to interfere with the radicals, between the second and third radical, to convey the idea that the body, identified as הוּא, is in a state described by the root, for instance שָבוּר=שב-הוּא-ר, 'broken', of the root שבר.
Hebrew grammar teachers call this form בֵּינוֹנִי פָּעוּל, 'passive participle'.

Nouns are similarly formed by the insertion of the PP היא, shortened to a mere I, as well as הוּא, shortened to a mere U or O, all referring to the object described by the root, between the radicals, for instance
אִכָּר, 'worker of the land'
אוּלָם, 'hall'
כּוֹבַע, 'hat'
כְּפִיר, 'lion'
עַמּוּד, 'column'
חוֹמָה, 'wall'.

Isaac Fried, Boston University

[Isaac Fried]

Jonathan says
"The wayyiqtol form does not make its own meaning. But when the speaker/writer sets up a narrative and begins to introduce the first sequence of actions along the timelime, then he/she will front the sentence or phrase with a wayyiqtol, giving it a narrative tense meaning."

Says I
The wayyiqtol consists of thee independently meaningful parts that were brought together to form a significant verbal union. For example, וַיִּגַּשׁ=בא-היא-גש where בא BA, a concise variant of הָוָה HAWAH, is 'be', in the sense of, 'came to pass, happened, occurred, took place', where יִ YI, is the contracted PP היא, 'he', identifying the person performing the act גשׁ GA$. Thus, וַיִּגַּשׁ is 'came-he-approach.'

Isaac Fried, Boston University

[Isaac Fried]

The form may be supplemented by qualifier personal pronouns, PP, or by PPs identifying the beneficiary of the act:
וַיִּטְבְּלוּ=בא-היא-טבל-הוּא
וַתְּשִׂמֵם=בא-את-שׂים-הם
וַיִּשְׂטְמֵנִי=בא-היא-שׂטם-אני
וַתְּשַׁלְּחוּנִי=בא-את-שלח-הוּא-אני
Notice however the subtle effected difference between שלח and שילח as in וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ=בא-היא-שלח-הוּא of Gen. 19:10
וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים אֶת יָדָם וַיָּבִיאוּ אֶת לוֹט אֲלֵיהֶם הַבָּיְתָה וְאֶת הַדֶּלֶת סָגָרוּ
KJV: "But the men put forth their hand, and pulled Lot into the house to them, and shut to the door."
and וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ=בא-היא-שלח-הוּא of Gen. 12:20
וַיְצַו עָלָיו פַּרְעֹה אֲנָשִׁים וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ אֹתוֹ וְאֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת כָּל אֲשֶׁר לוֹ
KJV: And Pharaoh commanded his men concerning him: and they sent him away, and his wife, and all that he had.

Isaac Fried, Boston University

[Isaac Fried]

The hitpael בניין, 'edifice', opens with the two PPs היא-את for the actor performing the act upon himself, say הִתְעַלָּה = היא-את-עלה, 'he elevated himself, he excelled'.
Another version opens with מי-את, say the מִתְנַפֵּל = מי-את-נפל, 'he throwing himself down upon the ground', of Ezra 10:1.

Isaac Fried, Boston University

[Isaac Fried]

We have called attention before to the fore-added personal pronoun (PP) את, אתה AT, ATAH, 'you, it, it (is)', in the name of the trees תמר = אתה-מר, תאשוּר = אתה-אשוּר, and תפוּח = אתה-פוּח. It also found in the name of the animals תַּחְמָס = אתה-חמס, as in Lev. 11:16, and תַּנִּין = אתה-נין, as in Ps. 91:13 and Isaiah 27:1. For נין NIYN see Gen. 21:23.

Isaac Fried, Boston University

[Isaac Fried]

Having mentioned the תְּאַשּׁוּר = את-אשׁוּר, the תִּדְהָר = את-היא-דהר of Isaiah 41:19, the תִּרְזָה =את-היא-(א)רז-היא of Isaiah 44:14, and the תְֹּרֶן = את-הוּא-(א)וֹרֶן of Isaiah 30:17, we recall the שִׁקְמָה of Isaiah 9:9, which is either from the root שׁקם, related to שׁכם, or is קם, 'rise', with an initial שִׁי --> שֶׁה --> זִי --> זֶה.

Isaac Fried, Boston University

[Isaac Fried]

We recall the unusual form תּוּ- as in 1Sam 1:23-24
וַתֵּשֶׁב הָאִשָּׁה וַתֵּינֶק אֶת-בְּנָהּ עַד-גָמְלָהּ אֹתוֹ וַתַּעֲלֵהוּ עִמָּהּ כַּאֲשֶׁר גְּמָלַתּוּ
where גמלתוּ = גמל-את-הוּא is with the PP הוּא referring to the boy.
Contrast with Jeremiah 31:10
מְזָרֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל יְקַבְּצֶנּוּ וּשְׁמָרוֹ כְּרֹעֶה עֶדְרוֹ
NIV: "He who scattered Israel will gather them and will watch over his flock like a shepherd."
KJV: "He that scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock."
in which וּשְׁמָר-הוּא = וּשְׁמָרוֹ is with the PP הוּא referring to Israel, and עֶדְרוֹ = עדר-הוּא, with this הוּא referring to the shepherd.

Isaac Fried, Boston University