Middle voice

Classical Hebrew morphology and syntax, aspect, linguistics, discourse analysis, and related topics
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Saboi

Middle voice

Post by Saboi »

Middle Voice (active voice + dative personal pronoun "ל, δε")
(1st sg) -μαι (μοι) לי־‬‬
(2nd sg) -σαι (σοι) לך‬‬‬־
(3rd sg) -εται (αὐτῷ) לו־‬‬‬
(1st pl) -μεθα (με δε) לני־‬‬
(2nd pl) -εσθε (σε δε) לכם־
(3rd pl) -ονται (ἀυτοῖς) להם־

middle voice verbs

ויבחרלו (Gen 13:11)
- Aorist 3rd person singular
- ἐξελέξατο, ēlēgerat, ἠρήσατο.

קניתילי (Ruth 4:10)
- Perfect 1st person singular
- ἐώνημαι, vēnieram

נגזרנולנו (Ezekiel 37:11)
- Perfect 1st person plural
- καθηρημεθα, γραομεθα

דמהלך (Songs 2:17)
- Aorist 2nd person singular
- ὡμοιώσω, ἐδείμω

קחלך (Exodus 30:34)
- Aorist 2nd person singular imp
- λαβοῦ

וינצלולהם (2 Chronicles 20:25)
- Aorist 3rd person plural
- σκυλεύονται, spoliāverant

ולכולכם (Joshua 22:4)
- Aorist 3rd person plural
- εβησασθε, ierātis

תתןלך (Deuteronomy 16:18)
- Future 2nd person singular
- καταστήσῃ cōnstitueris

שלחלך (Numbers 13:2)
- Aorist 2nd person singular
- ἀποστεῖλαι, στεῖλαι, mīserās, missiculeras

וקששולהם (Exodus 5:7)
- Aorist 2nd person plural
- αγαγεσθε, αγαγεσθε, condūxerātis

אמרלי (Songs 2:10)
- Present 3rd person singular
- λέγεται, εἴρεται, loquitur

וקניתלך (Jeremiah 13:1)
- Aorist 2nd person singular, imp op
- ἐωνήσω, ὠνήσαιο, ὤνησαι, vēnierās
Saboi

Re: Middle voice

Post by Saboi »

Songs 4:6 (Subjunctive)
I will get me to the mountain of myrrh [אלך־לי אל־הר המור ]

אלכלי : εληλυθω, ἔλθω, ελθοσω, ἐνθῶ (ἔρχομαι)

Numbers 11:29 (Operative)
I wish that all the LORD'S people were prophets [ומי יתן]

ו־מי־יתן : εἷ μοι γένοιτο

Deuteronomy 33:16 (Operative)
May these blessings turn on Joseph's head, the head of the wished for among his brothers(תבואתה לראש)

תבואתה לראש : τράποιντο ἐς κρᾶτα
Saboi

Re: Middle voice

Post by Saboi »

ויאמרלו εἵπατε , dicitote (verb 2nd pl aor imperat)
Genesis 3:9 - "and said unto him, Where art thou?" (ויאמר לו איכה/εἵπατε ποῦ εἶ)

ויאמרו εἶπον, dixere (verb 3rd pl aor ind act)
Genesis 11:3 - "They said to each neighbor" (ויאמרו איש אל־רעהו/εἶπον ἕκαστος εἷς ἄγραυλον)
Genesis 42:10 - "They said unto him" (ויאמרו אליו/εἶπον πρὸς αὐτόν)

ויאמר εἷπεν, dīxit (verb 3rd sg aor ind act)
Genesis 19:18 - "Lot said onto them" (ויאמר לוט אלהם/εἶπεν Λωτ πρὸς αὐτού)

אמראליך εἴπω, dīxerit (verb 1st sg aor subj act epic ionic)
Genesis 22:1 "I tell of thee" (אמר אלי/σοι dεἴπω)

One will find that Latin verbs resemble Phoenician more then Greek, cf. אמראליך/dīxerit
Isaac Fried
Posts: 1783
Joined: Sat Sep 28, 2013 8:32 pm

Re: Middle voice

Post by Isaac Fried »

לך = אל-אכה or לך = על-אכה in which אכה is a variant אתה

Isaac Fried, Boston University
Saboi

Re: Middle voice

Post by Saboi »

איכהה, איכה, איזה, היך, איך
- ὅπη, ὅκῃ, ὁπᾷ, ὅππῃ, πῶς, πῆ, κη, που, ποία, ὁπῶς, ὅσ (Greek)
- quī, cuius, qoi, quoi, quam, quare, ec, quis (Latin)
- אי־זה : ὅσ-γε

note the frequent interchanging of q, ך, π.
Saboi

Re: Middle voice

Post by Saboi »

The simple verb ברך is εὐλογέω and benedico
A - /e/ ↔ /eβ/ ↔ /ev/
B - /lo.ɡ/ ↔ /ro·ɡ/ ↔ /ro·k/ ↔ /ra·k/
C. bä·ra·k

benedico : bene (“well”) +‎ dīcō (“speak”).
εὐλογ : eu (“well”) +‎ lógos ("speech”)

λόγος
- לג (Leviticus 14:10)
- לקח (Proverbs 4:2)
- להג (Ecclesiastes 12:12)
- לחש (Isaiah 3:3)
- לקח (Isaiah 29:24, Proverbs 1:5)

εὖ /eβ/
- טב (Daniel 2:24)
- טוב (I Samuel 20:7)
- ייטב (Deu 22:7)
- אביטוב ↔ ἀγαθοῦ
- אב־ ↔ εὖ-
- אביתר ↔ εὐίατρός
- אבינעם ↔ εὔνοος

ל ↔ d
dico ↔ λέγω ↔ דבר
ad, ל, δ
οἴκαδε ↔ לבית
Gen 1:22
ויברך - ηὐλόγησεν - benedixit

Gen 12:2
ואברכך - εὐλογήσω - benedicam

Gen 12:3
ואברכה - εὐλογήσω - benedicam
מברכיך - εὐλογοῦντάς - benedicentibus
ונברכו - ἐνευλογηθήσονται - benedicentur

Gen 27:29
ומברכיך - εὐλογῶν σε - benedixerit
ברוך - εὐλογημένος - benedictionibus

Gen 28:4
את־ברכת - τὴν εὐλογίαν - benedictiones

Gen 28:3
יברך - εὐλογήσαι - benedicat

Deuteronomy 28:3
ברוך אתה - εὐλογημένος σὺ - benedictus tu

Psalm 37:22
מברכיו - εὐλογοῦντες αὐτὸν - benedicti

Psalm 63:4
אברכך - εὐλογήσω σε - benedicam tibi

Psalm 66:8
ברכו - εὐλογεῖτε - benedicite

Psalm 72:15
יברכנהו - benedicent ei

Psalm 107:38
ויברכם - εὐλόγησεν αὐτούς - benedicet eis

Psalm 132:15
ברך אברך - εὐλογῶν εὐλογήσω - benedicens benedicam
Isaac Fried
Posts: 1783
Joined: Sat Sep 28, 2013 8:32 pm

Re: Middle voice

Post by Isaac Fried »

1. It is not clear to me what is so simple in "The simple verb verb ברך (BRK)"
2. The act לחש, 'whisper', as in 2Sam. 12:19
וַיַּרְא דָּוִד כִּי עֲבָדָיו מִתְלַחֲשִׁים וַיָּבֶן דָּוִד כִּי מֵת הַיָּלֶד
NIV: "David noticed that his attendants were whispering among themselves, and he realized the child was dead"
is a variant of the act לחץ, 'press, squeeze'. Whispering is speaking with tight לחוּצים lips.

Isaac Fried, Boston University
Saboi

Re: Middle voice

Post by Saboi »

2 Samuel 12:19 (cf. μαλακόν "soft")
מתלחשים, ψιθυρίζουσιν, musitantes

Psalm 47:1
יתלחשו, ἐψιθύριζον, murmurabant

לחץ
- θλῖψις "pressure"
Saboi

Re: Middle voice

Post by Saboi »

אמר

Aorist indicative active
(1st sg) ἔειπα ↔ ואאמר ↔ dīxī ↔ ἔλεξα ↔ ηγορευσα ↔ narrāvī
(2nd sg) ἔειπας ↔ ותאמר ↔ dīxistī ↔ ἔλεξας ↔ ηγορευσας ↔ narrāvistī,
(3rd sg) ἔειπεν ↔ ויאמר ↔ dīxit ↔ ἔλεξεν ↔ ἠγόρευσεν ↔ narrāvit
(1st pl) ἔειπαμεν ↔ ונאמר ↔ dīximus ↔ ἐλέξαμεν ↔ ηγορευσαμεν ↔ narrāvimus
(2nd pl) ἔειπατε ↔ ותאמרו ↔ dīxistis ↔ ελεξατε ↔ ηγορευσατε ↔ narrāvistis,
(3rd pl) ἔειπαν ↔ ותאמרנה ,ויאמרו ↔ dīxērunt, dīxēre ↔ ἔλεξαν ↔ ηγορευσαν ↔ narrāvērunt, narrāvēre

Aorist indicative middle
(1st sg) ἔειπαμην ↔ ואאמרלי ↔ dīxeram ↔ ἐλεξάμην ↔ ηγορευσαμην ↔ narrāveram
(2nd sg) ἔειπω ↔ ותאמרלך ↔ dīxerās ↔ ελεξω ↔ ηγορευσω ↔ narrāverās
(3rd sg) ἔειπατο ↔ ויאמרלו ↔ dīxerat ↔ ἐλέξατο ↔ ηγορευσατο ↔ narrāverat
(1st pl) ἔειπαμεθα ↔ ונאמרלני ↔ dīxerāmus ↔ ελεξαμεθα ↔ ηγορευσασθε ↔ narrāverāmus
(2nd pl) ἔειπασθε ↔ ותאמרולכם ↔ dīxerātis ↔ ελεξασθε ↔ ηγορευσασθε ↔ narrāverātis
(3rd pl) ἔειπαντο ↔ ויאמרולהם ↔ dīxerant ↔ ελεξαντο ↔ ηγορευσαντο ↔ narrāverant
Saboi

Re: Middle voice

Post by Saboi »

The word "pick out" in Latin & Greek are a compound of ex, ἐκ + λέγω, legō and is לקט in Hebrew.

ואלקטה ↔ ἐκλέγω, ēligam, colligam - verb 1st sg pres subj act (or fut ind act) (Ruth 2:2)
ותלקט ↔ ἐξέλεξας, ēlēgit- verb 2nd sg perf ind act (Ruth 2:17)
לקטו ↔ λέγετε, eligite - verb 2nd pl pres imperat act (Gen 31:46)
וילקטו ↔ ἔλεγον, ēligēbant, ἔλεγον- verb 3rd pl imperf ind act (Exodus 16:21)
מלקטים ↔ ἐκλέγουσιν, ēligunt - verb 3rd pl pres ind act (Jeremiah 7:18)
וילקט ↔ ἐξέλεξεν, ēlēgit - verb 3rd sg perf ind act
תלקטהו ↔ ἐκλέγετε, ēligite - verb 2nd pl pres imperat act (Exodus 16:26)
וללקט ↔ ἐκλέγειν, eligere - verb pres infinitive act (Songs 6:2) cf. συλλέγειν
ילקשו↔ εκλεξουσι, ēligent - verb 3rd pl fut ind act (Job 24:6)
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